Analysis of the Nitrogen Content of Lawn Fertiliser Essay

Research Question: What is the percentage by mass of nitrogen (from the ammonium ion NH4+) in Bunnings Green Up brand of lawn fertilizer compared to the manufacturer’s specification of 12.3%? Aim: To determine the percentage by mass of available nitrogen, present as the ammonium ion, in Bunnings Green Up brand of lawn fertiliser, then comparing it with the one specified by the manufacturer. Hypothesis: Since the ammonium ion (NH4+) present in fertilisers is a weak acid, it is hard to obtain an exact end point. Hence, back titration can be used to determine the percentage by mass composition of nitrogen in the fertiliser. To deduce the amount of nitrogen in ammonia, the NH4+ ion is reacted with an excess of NaOH, and the amount of unreacted NaOH found by titration with HCl is used to deduce the amount of NH4+ ion present by subtracting it from the initial amount of NaOH to find the amount that reacted with it. From this, the percentage by mass of nitrogen present in the fertiliser can be found and subsequently compared to the manufacturer’s specification. It is hypothesized that the percentage by mass of nitrogen present in the fertiliser will be similar or close to that specified by the manufacturer (12.3%). Materials: * * 100 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH * 100 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 HCl * 1.5 grams of fertiliser * 250 cm3 volumetric flask * 3 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 250 cm3 conical flasks * 20 cm3 pipette * Burette and retort stand * 50 cm3 measuring cylinder * Bunsen burner, tripod, gauze mat * Mortar and pestle * Electronic balance * White tile, bench mat * Funnel * Spatula * Red Litmus paper * Methyl red indicator * Safety Measures: * Safety goggles must be worn at all times. Sodium hydroxide can react with the proteins in the eye. * Wear a lab coat. Hydrochloric acid can cause severe skin irritation. If any is spilt on the skin, wash it off with water immediately. * Ammonia vapour irritates the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Method: 1. Accurately weigh about 1.2 grams of fertilizer. Record the brand of the fertiliser and the nitrogen content as specified by the manufacturer. 2. Dissolve the fertiliser in 250 cm3 of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Add the fertiliser first using a funnel and then add the water, allowing it to take with it the fertiliser remaining on the funnel, to the calibration line, stopper, and swirl the contents to dissolve the ammonium compounds in the fertilizer. 3. Using a pipette, dispense 20 cm3 aliquots of the fertilizer solution into three conical flasks. 4. Thoroughly wash the pipette and rinse it with a small volume of standard NaOH solution. Place a 20 cm3 aliquot of NaOH solution in each of the flasks containing fertilizer solution. Record the concentration of the standard solution of NaOH. 5. To one of the flasks, add 50 cm3 of distilled water. Boil the mixture for about 10 minutes. If necessary, add more water to maintain a constant volume of solution whilst boiling. Test the vapour at the neck of the flask with a moist strip of red litmus paper. If ammonia is present the paper will turn blue and heating should be continued until the point where litmus paper does not detect the presence of ammonia. Once this point has been reached, cool the flask under running water. 6. Repeat Step 5 with each of the other two conical flasks. 7. Rinse and fill a burette with standard HCl. Record the concentration of the acid and the initial burette reading. 8. Add two to three drops of methyl red indicator to each conical flask containing the fertilizer mixture, and titrate. The end point occurs when the initially yellow solution becomes orange. For each flask, record the burette reading once the end point has been reached. Data Collection: Table 1: Titration of the excess NaOH (0.084 mol dm-3) against HCl using Methyl Red Indicator Conclusion/Evaluation: Fertiliser is a natural or synthetic chemical substance or mixture that is used to enrich soil in order to promote plant growth. It influences grass colour, ability to recover from stress, and helps prevent weed invasions and diseases. Plants require more than a dozen different chemical elements but nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the three major nutrients needed by lawns; Nitrogen is the nutrient required most as it promotes growth and keeps the grass green, although too much nitrogen can have harmful effects on plants and crops, and on soil quality. In this investigation, the percentage by mass of nitrogen from the ammonium ion in the sample fertiliser is being determined. The manufacturer’s claim of the amount of nitrogen present in this type of fertiliser is 12.3%. The ammonium that is present in fertilisers is a weak acid, thus it is hard to identify a sharp end point in direct titrations with the naked eye. Back titration is used instead. It is an analytical chemistry technique in which the unknown concentration of a reactant can be found by reacting it with an excess volume of another reactant of known concentration. The resulting mixture is then titrated back, taking into account the molarity of the excess which was added. Before titration, the sodium hydroxide was reacted with ammonium in the fertiliser to produce ammonia and water: NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) –> NH3(g) + H2O(l) The basic solution needed for titration was reached through heating the solution to remove the ammonium ions. By heating it, the rate of reaction between the ammonium ions and hydroxide ions increases, consequently producing water and ammonia. Since ammonia is an extremely volatile gas, boiling the solution will result the vaporization rate, which is the desired outcome. The ammonium ions are also the limiting reagent thus once completely reacted, ammonia production ceases. This is indicated when the red litmus paper, which tests for the presence of a base, no longer turns blue meaning the ammonia has completely evaporated and no longer present in the solution. By titrating the excess, unreacted hydroxide ions with standard hydrochloric acid, it allows us to calculate the amount of unreacted hydroxide ions since the molar ratio is equal, and from this the amount of reacted hydroxide ions with the fertiliser solution can be deduced. Subsequently, the amount of ammonium ions initially present in the 250 cm3 volumetric flask can be found and then the mass of nitrogen ions can be calculated. From this, the percentage by mass of nitrogen in the sample of fertiliser can be found. It was found that the percentage by mass of 1.209 g of fertiliser was 13.87% (? 1.00%). This is very close to the percentage of nitrogen present in the fertiliser as specified by the manufacturer – 12.3%. This discrepancy may be due to several errors and limitations encountered throughout the experiment. The percentage difference of 12.76% is greater than the percentage uncertainty of 6.34% and as a consequence random errors alone cannot alone account for the difference. There must be systematic errors inherent to the investigation or the apparatus. Measurement errors could be the main source of uncertainty. One source of error could be that the exact mass of the fertiliser sample as measured on the electronic balance is not the same as in the volumetric flask, consequently affecting the final result. The loss due to the transfer process into the flask which could be reduced by sufficiently rinsing the apparatus used to transfer, weigh and grind the fertiliser sample ? the funnel, weighing bottle, spatula and mortar and pestle ? so that all sample weighed is transferred into the volumetric flask. Another possible error is that the meniscus of solutions measured was not sitting exactly on the calibration line in the volumetric flask when preparing the standard solution. This may affect the results as the expected volume of the standard solution would differ from the actual volume measured. This can be overcome by allowing more than one individual to test whether or not the meniscus is positioned on the etched mark, making sure it’s at eye level, which will effectively limit this parallax error. The interpretation of the orange colour determined at the end point could also have been another error. Subjective judgment when determining the shade of orange is another factor which may have affected the titre volume, and thus the final outcome. This problem was exacerbated by the fact that the methyl red indicator does not provide a sharp and easily distinguishable end point, as the colour change from yellow to orange. This may be overcome by using another indicator that allows for a clearer colour contrast. Another possible limitation which may have impacted the results is that some ammonia may still have been present in the conical flask. Although the red litmus paper may have served its purpose, this may still occur as a result of not boiling the solution long enough and thus some ammonia may not have evaporated. The result of this is that the ammonia in the solution will react with the hydrochloric acid, and therefore more hydrochloric acid will be required for the equivalence point to be reached, affecting the titre volume. This can be easily overcome by ensuring that the fertiliser solution containing water and sodium hydroxide is boiled for long enough so that all ammonia can evaporate, while simultaneously ensuring that the solution remains at a constant 90mL. The use of tap water may also have affected the results. It may not have been at a pH of 7 or may contain other contaminants such as salts which may ultimately interfere with the results. To overcome this, the most effective way is to use deionised water. Conclusion: It was found that the percentage by mass of nitrogen from the ammonium ion in Bunnings Green Up brand of lawn fertilizer was 13.9% (? 1.00%). This was very close to the percentage of nitrogen in lawn fertiliser as specified by the manufacturer ? 12.3%. Bibliography: 1. Unknown Author, http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/lawntalk.htm 2. Chemistry for the International Baccalaureate, 2005, IBID Press

Promoting Cognitive Development Essay

The best thing my family said about me when I was young was how smart I appeared to be. I had been a participant in the elementary school science fair; it always takes place in the spring time of the school year in May- It is a traditional school event. I was only in third grade, I had to be creative and come up with a science project for the science fair. My teacher suggested that all of the students go to the library and research some science books to pick a project. I remember not having a lot of self-esteem, so I did not think I could accomplish the task. I found a short story in a book about a plant without a root, so I decided to grow a plant without a root in an egg shell, my mother helped me put the project together and she was very encouraging and helpful for my self-esteem. My science project was a success and I won first prize. This was one of the best days in my life and my family was so proud of me, they all told me I was very smart and to keep up the good work. They were especially proud because I found the book and made the decision on my own do the project that made me a winner. According to Vygotsky, education should focus on activities that involve interaction with others. Both child–adult and child–child interactions can provide the potential for cognitive growth† (Feldman, page 301). Children develop a sense of competence roughly around age 6 to 12, in their elementary school years; theorists Erik Erikson believes these years are the industry-versus-inferiority stage; these years are very important for children to understand concepts and challenges that are prepared for them by their peers, parents and school. My mother was the person that made me feel so great about myself, as she often did. She put my plant without a root science project on display in our home for all to see, and she just bragged to everyone that came to the house and she was calling people on the phone telling whoever called the house; she was would brag and tell them how smart I was and how proud she was of my winning first place in the school science fair. I had and still have the strangest nickname, my mother named me Toby Margo Barr. But my nickname is Trisha. The story behind having two real names is because my godmother wanted to name me Patricia. My mother decided that Trisha could be my nickname, she really liked Toby and she promised to name me after a Jewish woman that she knew way before I was conceived. She said the woman looked the spitting image of Elizabeth Taylor. I actually very much disliked the name Toby and wished my real name was Patricia; everyone thought Toby was my nick name anyway because it sounds more like a nickname. My family members never told me what I would end up doing or becoming, they valued the fact that I just had to work. My mother wanted me to have an office job, because I took up office practice in high school. I wanted to work in an office setting, but it was hard to accomplish in the small town I grew up and lived in. It was predominately white and there was a lot of prejudices in the town back them. My family would have described me as a good kid; I was mannerly and respectful to others, very disciplined as well when I was a child and adolescent. I remember being afraid a lot and having low self-esteem. I did not like being a dark-skinned person especially in an all white town and school- it also seemed if you were light-skinned life was a little better, I was bullied and teased by both blacks and whites. I started to rebel as a teenager and did what teens do when they are insecure, like smoking pot and cigarettes. This is when my parents would say I gave them grief. My family was concerned I would get in trouble and end up dealing with the law. Elementary-school-age children begin to follow the same sort of reasoning when they seek to understand how able they are. When they were younger, they tended to consider their abilities in terms of some hypothetical standard, making a judgment that they are good or bad in an absolute sense. Children begin to use social comparison processes, comparing themselves to others; Vygotsky‘s approach has been particularly influential in the development of several classroom practices based on the proposition that children should actively participate in their educational experiences. In this approach, classrooms are seen as places where children should have the opportunity to experiment and try out new activities.

Discuss the possible reasons for higher mortality and morbidity rates among the working classes

DISCUSS THE POSSIBLE REASONS FOR HIGHER MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY RATES AMONG THE WORKING CLASSES. It has been acknowledged since the 19th Century that class relates to inequality. This essay will explore this area in more detail, considering the various explanations given for these differences. The most widely accepted, recent study of health inequalities and social class was the Black Report of 1980, which gathered information relating to the Standardised Mortality Rates (SMR) for different social classes in Britain, based on the Registrar General's categorization according to occupation The Black Report was clear in its conclusion: ‘In the case of adults between the ages of 15 and 64, for virtually all causes of death there is a consistent inverse relationship between social class and mortality. That is, the higher the social class group, the lower its SMR, and conversely the lower the social class group, the higher its SMR. ‘ (Black Report, 1980) The report also came up with four possible explanations: statistical artefact ( the differences reflect the differences in methodologies used in measurement of SMR and morbidity rates); social selection (the differences are because healthier people rise up through the social classes leaving the sick or disabled at the bottom); cultural explanations (the lower social classes lead unhealthier lifestyles than the higher classes, leading to more illness and earlier deaths); and materialistic explanations (economic differences within society lead directly and indirectly to poorer health and increased death rates within the lower classes). Since the Black Report was published, the government commissioned another report into health inequalities, published in 1998, the Acheson Report. This showed that not only had inequalities continued since 1980, but the relative differences between classes I and V had increased even further. For example, in 1970 the mortality rate for men in class V was twice that of those in class I; in the 1990s it had increased to three times as high. (In 1998 there were less people in class V than in 1970, so to try to account for this, Acheson combined the top two classes and the bottom two. However this still showed that in the 1970s a person in classes IV & V had a 53% higher chance of death than one in classes I & II, rising to 68% by 1990). Measures of morbidity showed the same differences- among the age group 45- 64 in the 1990s, 17% of men in classes I & II complained of a limiting long standing illness, compared with 48% of men from classes IV & V. Similar differences applied to women. So the Black Report, alongside many other studies, identifies a clear statistical link between social class and mortality and morbidity rates. However this link has been questioned by certain researchers, and the artefact theory presented as an explanation. One such is Illsley (1987) who criticised the Black Report for concentrating on the relative inequalities of social class rather than on the general improvements in the health of the population as a whole. He argued that although relative differences between the classes were increasing, the number of people affected by these differences was small, due to the size of the lowest classes reducing. For example, during the period of statistical collation, the number of people in class V fell from 12. % of the population to 8. 4%, and class I increased from 1. 8% to 5%. These criticisms were addressed by the combining of the two lowest and highest groups in the Acheson Report, but a gap was still apparent. It has also been claimed that occupations stated upon death certificates were wrongly categorized, thereby making the statistics inaccurate. Le Grand (1985) examined individual death certificates, and found smaller differences between the classes than Pamuk (1985) who collated the existing statistical evidence. The second explanation given for the inequalities identified by the two reports is social selection i. e. that social class status is related to an individual's health status. For example, healthy people are more likely to have a higher social status than those who are sick/ disabled because they can work harder and are therefore more likely to be promoted. (Illsley, 1987). Wadsworth (1986) supports this view, finding that males who suffered childhood illness experience more downward mobility than those who had healthy childhoods. Other researchers have argued that the opposite is in fact true, however: that those from poorer backgrounds face a wealth of economic, social and employment factors that contribute to ill health. Therefore they say that class position shapes health, and not vice versa. The third explanation is that of culture, and says that the lower classes engage in more unhealthy lifestyles: smoking, eating more fatty and sugary foods, and drinking more. All lead to higher morbidity levels and earlier deaths (HMSO, 1999). Blame for these statistics is therefore laid firmly at the individual's door, or with the social environment in which they live, and educational programmes are advocated. However critics argue that these behaviours are a rational response to the circumstances in which people live. For example, Graham & Blackburn (1993) found that mothers on Income Support smoke because they have lower ‘psycho-social' health than the general population, and smoking provides a very real form of relief for them. It may be the only thing that they do for themselves in a day filled with childcare responsibilities, and may also be an economic necessity, in that the nicotine abates hunger so that food is not as necessary. A further explanation given for the class inequalities in health is the materialistic explanation, which traces the main influences on health to the structures of society and conditions of life for its members. The theory doesn't deny the effects of an individual's behaviour, but blames the way society is organised- certain groups are systematically disadvantaged so that they inevitably experience ill health. This theory's roots can be traced back to the late 19th century, when Engels (1974) concluded that ill health was the result of the capitalist pursuit of profit, resulting in dangerous jobs for the workers, long hours and poor pay. Exponents of this explanation argue that the poor diet eaten by many of the lower classes is not due to personal choice, but an inability to afford healthy food. Lobstein (1995) compared prices of foodstuffs in different areas of London in 1988 and 1995. He found that healthy food was priced more cheaply in affluent areas, whereas unhealthy food was cheaper in poorer areas. Healthy food may now be priced more cheaply at the out of town supermarkets that are common, but as Wrigley (1998) argues, it is still unavailable to those with no car. With higher transport costs to reach the supermarket, they are then left with less money to buy the food that is available. It has been calculated that 15% of all early deaths are due to a poor diet, but Doyal & Pennell (1979) also support the view that this is not the individual's fault, arguing that manufacturers produce poor quality food, filled with harmful chemicals and salt, sugar and fat, which in turn leads to obesity and heart disease. Another fact upon which most people agree is that housing is related to health. It is well accepted by most that damp, cold rooms contribute to respiratory diseases and overcrowding can lead to stress and psychological problems. Thomson et al (2001) comment that many studies show an improvement in health when efforts are made to improve housing. Another material factor in ill health is unemployment- men in manual occupations who have a limiting long-standing illness are more likely to be unemployed than men in higher classes with the same conditions. It has been stated that the relative risk of mortality in a middle aged man who is unemployed is double that after five years than that of one who has not been unemployed. (Morris et al, 1994). Finally,another possible reason for the higher SMR and morbidity rates among the working classes could be to do with access to healthcare, neatly put by Tudor-Hart's Inverse Care Law (1971): ‘the availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need for it in the population served'. Other studies have found fewer doctors practicing in areas of greater need, usually where the population is of a lower social class (Appleby & Deeming, 2001). It has also been suggested that doctors in these areas give less good service, based on the amount of surgical referrals made for certain conditions e. g. hernias, gallstones, when compared with the amount of consultations made by patients (Chaturvedi & Ben-Shlomo, 1995) and often once a referral has been made a patient from a deprived area will be given lower priority and therefore wait longer for surgery than one from a better-off area (Pell et al, 2000). In conclusion, it has been shown that vast inequalities in health status, and also in health care provision, exist between the social classes, even in modern Britain, despite the popular conception of a ‘classless society'. Despite improvements in medical knowledge, nutrition, housing, sanitation, employment conditions and the health services, people of a lower social class are still more likely to die before they reach one year of age, and, if they reach that milestone, are three times more likely to die before the age of 64 than somebody in a higher social class. Various explanations for these facts have been put forward, and criticised, but the theory that seems to have most support from the research available is that of the materialists. This links with the social model of health, which is gradually becoming more widely accepted. It will take huge effort on behalf of a government to reduce, and eventually eradicate, the inequalities in health experienced by those in the lowest social classes within Britain today, but that is not to say it is impossible given consistent and committed effort.

Corporate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Corporate finance - Essay Example However, the board decided to acquire Forthnet in Greece on the premise that overseas buy-out will result in higher revenues in the long run. Regrettably, the acquisition of Forthnet was proved to be disastrous for Go Plc, and this demonstrates that how holding excessive cash could destabilise an earlier profit-making company. The choice by Go Plc to go for acquisition instead of paying out the excess cash to shareholders by way dividend has been exceptionally disadvantageous as corroborated by constant fall in its share price and the erosion of shareholder value immediately after the acquisition. The optimum level of cash balances that a company can have is the cash balances to meet their expenses, interest and capital expenditures and some level of cash balances to meet any extraordinary scenarios. Anything more than that will be regarded as too much cash reserves held by a company. The quick ratio and the current ratio will help to understand whether a company is having adequate cash reserves to cater their real time cash needs. Naturally, investors get worried about companies that hold â€Å"too much† cash because huge cash balances minimise the shareholder’s value as they offer lesser returns on their capital. The main contention of the David Einhorn, who is the manager of Greenlight Hedge Fund who successfully obtained an injection from the court against Apple Inc to declare dividend from its cash reserves there by compelling to declare the dividend from the Apple’s cash reserves. Hence, there is a likelihood that the value of shares of the Apple may increase by $50 per share or more after such a dividend declaration. Further, Apple shareholders are more worried that Apple may use these excess cash balances for negative mergers or acquisitions. This is supported by the precedents such as Microsoft’s blunder acquisition of aQuantive at $6.3 bn, EBay’s bad

Vera brittain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Vera brittain - Essay Example nding, hearts full of love and the life that refuses all sorts of conflicts that create walls between beautiful human relationships—enough, these alone are enough! How long will it take for humanity to realize this only alternative, to establish and enjoy the peace process on permanent basis! Ask Vera Brittain! She tells you everything about the tragedies of war and the value of peace, having gone through the harrowing experiences in the First World War. This novelist and poet, was born in 1893, in Newcastle under Lyme, England. She recalls in her book, â€Å"and I still remember seeing, at a very early age, alarming glimpses through a train window, of the pot-blank furnaces flaming angrily against a black winter sky.†(p.18)-- They say, the coming events cast their shadows before! Were the glowing flames the indicators, to the devastating ‘fire’ that engulfed most part of the Western world in World War I and II and the internal ‘fire’ that she carried for life in her heart! â€Å"Brutal force has not won anything durable!† was the final observation of Adolph Hitler, with who fighting wars and inflicting untold miseries on the people was kindergarten stuff, during his heydays. Vera has a world of caution for the younger generation—war is not the glorious adventure many young men think it to be! To be a woman has always been difficult in any society all over the world, but to be an ambitious woman is double tragedy for that individual. For, social restrictions will not let her personality bloom! Vera was born in 1893, and life was much more difficult for a woman 120 years ago, than what it is today. Being a female was a handicap, and Vera envied the status of her younger brother, who enjoyed life without restrictions. The year 1913, changed the course of her life entirely. She was accepted to study at Somerville College Oxford, no mean achievement in that era! Destiny played its part; she met her brother’s school friend Roland Leighton, to fall in love

Is war principally the outcome of state sovereignty (International Essay

Is war principally the outcome of state sovereignty (International Relations) - Essay Example The motives as to why states and individuals may get into war has remained a subject of moral scrutiny For hundred of years state sovereignty has, been a significant rule of interstate relationships and a basis of the world order, The concept of State sovereignty lies at the core of both the traditional international rule and also the United Nations (UN) Charter. It has remained both a critical element of the preservation of global peace and security and more so a protection of weak nations against strong ones. In addition, the conception has never been as sacred, both in practice or law, as an official legal description may imply. According to past UN Secretary-General, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, "The time of absolute sovereignty has passed; its theory was never matched by reality." (Angelo, 2006) Practically, sovereignty of states' has regularly been dishonoured by powerful nations. In the present's globalized world, it is commonly accepted that cultural, economic and environmental influences do not respect boundaries nor does it require an access visa. The conception of state sovereignty is extensively ingrained in legal and also political dissertation. Similarly, territorial bounders are becoming under pressure and have weakened in importance as an outcome of modern international relationships. both communications and technology has made boundaries permeable, while the political elements of internal turmoil and misery have also frequently resulted in larger international turmoil. (Angelo, 2006) Meaning and reason of sovereignty State sovereignty stand for the capability, independent or self-government, and lawful equality of nations. The conception is usually used to include all issues in which all state is permitted through international law in deciding and acting without interferences from any other sovereign nations or states. These issues comprise the selection of political, social, cultural and economic systems and the crafting of foreign policy. The range of the autonomy of option of a state in these issues is limited; it depends upon advancements in the international law (which includes agreements formed voluntarily) and the international relations. (Angelo, 2006) As a characteristic of statehood territorial sovereignty, lies behind the structure of international arrangement in relationships amongst states. An action of hostility is illegal, not only as it challenges international world order, but also since states have applied their sovereignty to forbid war. More so, the breakdown or deteriorating of state ability which brings around a political void inside states results to human sufferings and regional and international insecurity. Aggressive, oppressive, or disintegrated states might lead in threats to regional and international security and peace. (Angelo, 2006) Theories of war: Balance of Power Theory The balance of power theory forecasts that swift alterations in the international supremacy and status, particularly efforts by one nation to conquer a region, will inflame counterbalancing acts. Because of this, the balancing process assists to preserve the stability of relationship among states. It has been observed that, a balance of power structure works most successfully when coalitions are

History J4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History J4 - Essay Example During the period that Ogier wrote his letters, the Ottoman Empire was trying to expand its territory. The Janissaries were dressed in robes that went down to their ankles and cowls which they used to cover their heads. Their main role in the Ottoman Empire was to secure the empires borders and protect it against any invasion. Ogier also states in his letter that they were used to protect the Jews and the Christians from mob violence. They also helped maintain law and order in the empire as Ogier states that they protected people from outrage and wrong. The empire had 12,000 Janissaries. People in and without the empire are terrified of the Janissaries (Foster and Daniel, 1881). The Janissary was made up of Christian boys who were subjected to strict rules and discipline. In their empire expansion activities, the Ottoman Empire took slaves. These slaves were either sold or recruited into the elite army known as Janissaries. They were mostly chosen from Balkan and Anatolian Christians. Jews and boys of Turkish origin were not recruited into the Janissary. Janissaries were recruited from the children of Christians who had been enslaved by the Ottoman Empire. Since the empire was Islamic, the Sultan was not allowed to enslave Muslims hence their exclusion from recruitment into the Janissary. The Janissaries were recruited under strict conditions; they were not allowed to keep a beard, to marry and only be soldiers and nothing else. They were recruited every 5 years and were taken in by Turkish families and taught Turkish, its customs and the rules of the Islam faith. They were mainly sought because the Sultan could not enslave Muslims, so the Ottoman Empire so urced them from their Christian subjects. Due to their strict training, the Janissaries were disciplined. Ogier writes in his letter that patience, self-denial and thrift enabled the

IP Addressing and Subnetting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IP Addressing and Subnetting - Essay Example These identifiers are the one referred to as the internet protocols which are numerical figures that identifies a device connected to a network. IP addressing therefore means assigning these figures to a device so that it can be identified. On the other hand a sub network, also known as subnet is a sub division of an IP network, which makes sub netting to be the division of an IP network (Blank 2004). There exists two main versions of internet protocol which include internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) and internet protocol version 6 (IPv6).since these versions contain an endless pools of numbers, for IPv4, this pool of numbers is 32 bits written as (232) and contains 4,294,967,296 IPv4 addresses, where bits refer to a digit in the form of binary system which is used in storing information. For IPv6 version, it has 128-bits written as (2128) containing 340,282,366,920,938,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 IPv6 addresses. These two versions are assigned to a given network in different sizes. The size assigned is shown after an oblique, and it reflects the number of IP addresses contained in it. The lower the number after the oblique the more the number of addresses the protocol size has (Groth 2005). Since an internet protocol is made up of 32 binary bits, they are subdivided into network and host sections. The network portion identifies the particular network that it is connected to whereas the host portion identifies a node, be it a computer, on the local area network (LAN). This is aided by the use of subnet mask, which is described as a 32 binary bits combination that is these octets used to show which section or portion of an IP address refers to a subnet and the other tat refers to the host. The 32 binary bits are subdivided onto octets where octet holds 8 bits making a total of four octets. These octets are then turned into decimals and separated by a period. This is why an IP address is expressed in decimal with dots in between. The number of decimal in each oct et ranges from 0-255 decimals or 00000000-11111111 binary (Groth 2005). As indicated above, a subnet mask helps to know which section of the internet protocol identifies a given network and the section of the IP that identifies the nodes. If we have a network with a natural mask of 255.0.0.0 which has not been sub netted, it would have an address close to 8.20.15.1255.0.0.0.converting these addresses and masks to binary numbers, and we would have 8.20.15.1 = 00001000.00010100.00001111.00000001 255.0.0.0 = 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 There different types of IP addressing and each have their own features. One of the forms includes the unicast. This is the most used concept of internet protocol addressing for both IPv4 and IPv6.it is used to refer to a single sender and a single receiver which could be used for sending and receiving. A unicast address is usually for a single host. Different devices have different unique unicast addresses, each with a different unique purpose. This means that for a person to data to many unicast addresses, he is required to send it many times to each recipient. The second type of IP address is the broadcast. Only IPv4 implements the broadcast addressing since IPv6 replaces broadcast with multicast addressing. For the IPv4, it is with ease to send data to all hosts. In the IPv4 address the address 255.255.255.255 is used to broadcast. The third type of addressing is the multicast addressing. Multicast address is linked with a group of recipient. For IPv4 addresses, given addresses 224.0.0.0

Protest and the Press Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Protest and the Press - Essay Example Portrayals of the news with sociological, political, sometimes economic and even humorous twists are included. Simultaneously, the protesting community may come up with more shocking and unconventional forms of protesting all the time. Consequently, the question of representation is crucial. The example of the Bed-in concept developed and applied in real life as a functional publicity by John Lennon and his wife Yoko Ono in 1969 constitutes the very essence of such ambivalence. In general, the decade of the sixties is especially known for being turbulent times which led to self-reflections and reinterpretations in a variety of spheres. Media and press were becoming more and more engaged in processing information and opinions across society answering to the cultural interests of, quite frequently, competing social groups and minorities. At the same time, the media coverage formulated opinions and outlooks on especially vexing and controversial issues from which the readers could draw and sometimes even unconsciously adopt such views as their own. Among many social-political problems of the 1960s in the US was the war in Vietnam which was faced with a public disapproval mostly because it was considered to be futile, immoral and unnecessary. But there was also a considerable pressure put on the American as well as other western societies to adhere to certain patriotic standards - if not for the sake of national pride then at least for the common good of the d emocratic world. Definitions of patriotism and responsibility for the country were erected along the process. Such stability was not easy since the 1960s generation is still considered the most rebellious and innovative so far. John Lennon, an English songwriter, singer, musician, graphic artist, author, peace activist and one of the founding members of the legendary band The Beatles, was an icon of the generation. He channeled his fame and penchant for controversy to successfully protest against the Vietnam War in the late sixties and his performance, so-to-speak, became of almost historical significance. During the Vietnam War, in 1969, John Lennon and Yoko Ono held two, week-long Bed-ins, as a radical form of protest against the unpopular war. Although physically away from the United States they still managed to make a significant contribution to the anti-war state of opinion with the help of the print press and electronic media. However a music star's engagement in political life was at that time a rather rare phenomenon therefore most newspapers and magazines mocked the absurdity of his undertaking which only reinforced the Bed-in's rock-and-roll identity. The couple decided to use their wedding as the opportunity to express their solidarity the peace-loving community of the world staging a week-long Bed-In for peace in Amsterdam in 1969 during their honeymoon. However, when they could not follow the Amsterdam Bed-In with a similar event in the U.S. due to John's precarious visa eligibility at the time, they chose Montreal across the Canadian border as the next venue for their unusual project. Lennon told the reporters that his marriage was bound to make headlines anyway, so why not turn the occasion into what he called 'an advertisement for peace' (Charlesworth 1976) The atmosphere of this interview and the introductory comment were written in a sympathetic tone.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Essay Example for Free

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Essay The novel that has inspired me the most is To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. I first read the book when I was thirteen years old. Since then, I have reread the novel at least twice a year. There are many features of the novel that has touched me in a profound way. However, there is one aspect that distinguishes this book as my absolute favorite and as the novel that enthuses me: its description of courage. The honorable feature that the novel contains that most inspires me is its truly unique portrayal of courage. The main character, a lawyer named Atticus Finch, states that, â€Å"[Real courage is] when you know youre licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do.† In other words, true courage is trying to do what is right even if you know you are most likely going to lose. Indeed, Atticus does just that. In a town located in the Deep South during the 1930s that is highly prejudiced against African Americans, Atticus defends an innocent black man accused of rape by a white man and his daughter. In the months leading up to the trial, Atticus and his family, specifically his children, experience resentment from the townspeople. Atticus himself realizes that, â€Å"[he] won’t win.† Despite this, Atticus presses on, but ultimately, he loses the case. Inspiringly, even though Atticus knew he would not win the case, he tried anyway because he knew it was the right thing to do. Because of its inimitable portrayal of courage, To Kill a Mockingbird is the book that inspires me most. I can only hope when I am faced with an ethical dilemma that will affect my family and me negatively, that I will have the courage to do what I know to be morally right.

Theories and Types of Depression

Theories and Types of Depression FV17-002 Depression: Seeing the Different Shades of the Blues Between Men and Women Depression comes in many shades of blue. Children and teens act out. Women feel miserable. Men may get angry and reckless. The elderly often feel hopeless. And a lot of people regardless of gender may feel in-between, or all of the above. Erica Westly of Scientific American writes, To Emily Dickinson, it was fixed melancholy. To essayist George Santayana, it was rage spread thin.' The phrases are describing the same emotion: depression. As these famous writers illustrate, depression and its manifestations vary from individual to individual. The symptoms can be generalized, but the variations make it difficult to discern for anyone with an untrained eye. Figuring Depression There are over 150 million people around the world who are saddled with depression, says the World Health Organization, representing about four percent of the adult population. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), however, the prevalence of adult depression (aged 40 to 59) in the United States is roughly 10 percent.ÂÂ   Whether the higher figure is due to higher prevalence or because more Americans are aware of it and seeking treatment, one thing is obvious-the alarming statistics deserve attention. There are many other interesting figures about depression. According to Healthline, the incidence and prevalence rates vary by gender, age, and ethnicity. In particular, it says, Women are twice as likely to have depression, and symptoms of depression, as men of the same age. This is confirmed by other sources, including the CDC. These figures prove that indeed, depression has different shades or hues. Depressive Differences between Men and Women Aside from the fact that women are more susceptible to depression, there is growing evidence that they may also experience its symptoms differently from men. Recognizing these differences in the depressive symptoms between men and women is important for their successful diagnosis and treatment. According to the Scientific American article, For women, the primary emotion of depression is usually sadness. For men, it is more typically anger or irritability, often coupled with recklessness. Consequently, the chance of men ignoring the symptoms and going untreated is higher. What could be causing these differences? According to Mental Health America, the contributing influences to the vulnerability of women to depression include biological and social or cultural factors. The biological factors include developmental, reproductive, hormonal, genetic and other biological differences (e.g. premenstrual syndrome, childbirth, infertility and menopause).ÂÂ   PMS (premenstrual syndrome) and PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder) arent really unusual among women. About 20 to 40 percent experience PMS, and 3 to 5 percent are estimated to experience PMDD. The symptoms include depressive symptoms the week before their monthly period. The social factors, on the other hand, include stress from work, family responsibilities, the roles and expectations of women and increased rates of sexual abuse and poverty. Cultural vs. Biological: The Science behind the Differences Could it be biological that depressed women are more vulnerable and sad and that men have the tendency to be angry and rash? Or is it cultural? Some experts believe that there should be no significant differences in symptoms between the genders, because the brain chemistry of depression is basically the same for both. They believe that social norms and expectations influence how the symptoms are expressed. This could be why depressed men are likely to be frustrated about not getting their work done or be angry and vent it on another person. Conversely, women are more likely to feel sad, so they avoid people and experience problems with eating and sleeping. These cultural believers, however, may be becoming a minority. More experts today support the idea that biology plays an important role in depression. There is growing evidence that the different sex hormones influence both vulnerability to depression and its symptoms. This isnt surprising, considering that these are the chemicals that define the basic sexual differences. The evidence that sex hormones affect brain chemistry is undeniable, from the womb and throughout life. Though the brain chemistry is basically the same for the two genders, the interactions of the male and female sex hormones (and their varying levels) with the neurotransmitters could be different, explaining the vulnerability and symptom differences. Seeking Help from Someone Who Understands the Different Hues of Depression When men manifest recklessness and irritability for no apparent reason, it could be a sign of depression, even when they arent sad. When overwhelmed by responsibilities, women may feel sad, and it could be a depressive symptom.ÂÂ   An independent therapist contracted with Carolina Counseling Services in Fuquay-Varina, NC, can help you make the distinction and help you sort out what your specific symptoms mean. Whether the varying shades of depression between genders are related to biology or culture is immaterial. Everyone needs help when depressive symptoms grip them. Seeking help from an expert is a good first step: look for a therapist who understands depression and its varying hues.

Gay marriage ethics

Gay marriage ethics Introduction The issue of civil rights for gays and lesbians, one in particular marriage; although many religious conservatives wish it would, will not go away. One of the reasons, for this is that the U.S. Supreme Court has struck down state anti-sodomy laws as unconstitutional and in light of the Michigan state Supreme Courts ruling that prohibiting marriage between same-sex couples violates their constitutional rights. Marriage has always been a huge part of human relationships. It is seen as the coming together of a man and a woman, the bonding two people together for emotional support, moral support and economic well being as well as the rearing of children. Most of society looks at marriage as a holy union of just one man and one woman. Does marriage have to be between just a man and women? This paper will examine both sides of the civil rights and moral dilemma that is facing the United States today. Identifying the Problem The issue of -gay marriage is one that has been very much in the forefront of public discussion in recent years, with states granting, then withdrawing marriage licenses to gay couples, wrangling over legislation as to whether to grant full marriage rights or establish domestic partnerships, and trying to come to grips with how to balance differing of public opinions on the subject, which are passionately at odds in some areas. Some believe that giving gay couples the full benefit of marriage will take away from the traditional marriage, while others feel they ought to have nothing less. Same-sex couples are denied their civil rights, such a making medical decisions for their partners in an emergency. Some of which have not been in contact with their families for years, hospitals are legally bound by state law to contact their next of kin for direction on issues pertaining to the health of the patient when their partner is right there. Even when wills and POAs (Power of Attorney) are made, they are sometimes fought by the family and overturned by a court. Is this right, morally or ethically? Married couples can not testify against their partner in a court of law, but gay partners do not get the same right. Another civil right is this fair? Clarify Concepts Giving way to legal acceptance to gay marriage would hurt society on a number of levels. First, legal identification of gay couples would legitimize morally wrong unions. Further,gay marriage would in the end fail marriage as the basis of an established society. Since gay unions cannot produce children through ordinary and proper procreation, such unions do not add to the survival of the human race. Furthermore, it is immoral to legitimize gay unions because it is not in the best interests of the children who might be adopted by gay couples. These children would be lacking of either the awareness of fatherhood or motherhood. Because cohabiting homosexuals can make use of various legal provisions to protect their rights, there is no need to allow gay couples the legal status of marriage, especially since such a change would threaten the common good. (Burns, 2002) There are many religious arguments and protests that are against gay marriage. Among these are the belief that gay couples are unnatural, marriage is sacred and a sacrament, the primary purpose of marriage is procreation, and marriage is defined as a union between a man and a woman. Many point to biblical scripture when arguing against gay marriage. Most religious opponents to gay marriage cite two passages from the Old Testament as proof of their point-of-view. The first of these is Leviticus 20:13: If a man lies with a man as one who lies with a woman, both of them have done what is repulsive. They must be put to death (Burns, 2002). Possible Solutions to the Problems Our society here in the United States needs to have more of an open mind when it comes to sexual preferences. The gay and lesbian community has been struggling for years for civil rights. We need to consider their right to be married whether in a civil ceremony or a church of their choosing. They should be allowed the same rights as any other American citizen. We should do this because it is the right thing to do. Our Pledge of Allegiance is under God with liberty and justice for all, not for who we choose. Religion should not dictate our morals or who should be allowed to marry. Civil liberties should dictate our morals and the quality of life for our people where we are all considered equal no matter what our religious, social, financial or political views are. We can also develop a Domestic Partnership into law for gay and lesbian citizens as another solution. This would allow homosexuals to be recognized as legal partners by each state and give them the same rights and responsibilities that heterosexuals have always claimed. Lets look at some of the arguments against gay marriage to see how they stand up. Solutions may be found by these by seeing that some of them just do not stand up..If the arguments do not make since then there must be a solution. Examine Assumptions and Points of View Opposition of gay marriage say that marriage is for the creation of children, if that is the case then why are couples that are infertile allowed to marry? Also should post menopausal woman and men who are impotent divorce because they can no longer procreate? How do they explain this? This does not make a good argument against gay marriage. (Bond,2008), Legalizing gaymarriagewould have a negative effect on the concept of monogamy in marriage. Homosexual advocates disagree that access to marriage will encourage gays and lesbians to conform to traditional monogamy in committed relationships. It is more likely that opening marriage to homosexuals will allow them to legitimize non monogamy, civil partnerships unrelated to sexual or romantic relationships, and polyamory (sexual relationships among more than two people). Without monogamy as a founding principle, marriage will no longer provide a stable and healthy setting for families and especially children to thrive. If gaymarriage is legalized, the institution of marriage will be deprived of monogamy and thus any hope of permanence.( Kurtz 2005) I believe that this is a fallacy based on scare tactics, somewhat like the Bush administration idea of going to war with Iraq. There have been legalized gay marriages in other states and other countries for years; would there not be news about polygamy and the non-monogamy because of gay marriage? The biblical passage in Corinthians 6:9-10 Do not be deceived. Neither the sexually immoral nor idolaters nor adulterers nor male prostitutes nor homosexual offenders nor thieves nor the greedy nor drunkards nor slanders nor swindlers will inherit the kingdom of God (Bible). After gaymarriage, what will become of marriage itself? Will same-sex matrimony extend marriages stabilizing effects to homosexuals? Will gaymarriage undermine family life? A lot is riding on the answers to these questions. But the medias impulsive labeling of doubts about gaymarriage as homophobia has made it almost impossible to debate the social effects of this reform. Now with the Supreme Courts ringing affirmation of sexual liberty in Lawrence v. Texas, that debate is unavoidable (Kurtz, 2005). Gay marriage causes offense to everything religion stands for. What or whose religion does this stand for? Christian religion yes it does and also Islam and Judaism, but a Buddhist sect in Hawaii does support the right of gay marriage (Bidstrup 2009). Gather Information The opposition of gay marriage is based on misunderstanding of what homosexuality really is. There are stereotypical views about gay relationships, that they are promiscuous, and cannot form a lasting relationship. I am sure that they are no different than straight relationships. We have promiscuous and lasting relationships. It sometimes human nature, especially among young people who are not ready to â€Å"settle down† its not based on if you are gay or straight. So what is marriage for? Modern marriage is, of course, based upon traditions that religion helped to codify and enforce. But religious doctrine has no special standing in the world of secular law and policy, the Christian nation crowd notwithstanding (Rauch, J 1997). If we want to know what and whom marriage is for in modern America, we need a sensible secular doctrine. Many people believe that gays have a choice in being who they are, and it is only about sex. They can choose to be with a member of the opposite sex if they want to be. Homosexually is based on mutual attraction, affection and love; the same as heterosexuals. It is no different than being white, black, or Chinese it is the way you are born. Gay marriage is morally wrong and violates the sanctified institution of marriage. This is said by the Bible. The United States and American law is supposed to be separate from the church; this is from one of our founding fathers Thomas Jefferson. Therefore it is not right for someone to use the Bible to say what is to be made into law (Bidstrup 2009).. Gay couples are not morally able to raise children but, it is morally right for child molesters, murders, and convicted felons are allowed to marry and create and raise children. Why are the same people who oppose these rights to gay couples not against this, it happens every day. There are not studies that have determined that gay couples raising children caused them any harm, Can the same be said be said by child molester? Moral Reasoning Gay marriage principles are, in my opinion, no different than those in a heterosexual marriage. They want the same thing in a marriage that anyone does that chooses a partner for life. Their values are the same, they are loyal to their partners, are monogamous. They participate in family life, committed to their neighborhoods and communities by making them a better place to live. They serve on their school boards, volunteer in the community, they are good citizens, just like their heterosexual counterparts, making their communities a better place to live (Bidstrup 2009). One of the benefits of the heterosexual society as well as the homosexual community for gay marriage is the participants are not involved in promiscuous sex. This slows down the spread of sexually transmitted diseases; by the way know no sexual orientations. I am a supporter on gay marriage, I believe in all equal rights for all people no matter race, gender, or sexual preference. I believe in the separation of Church and State. It should have no bearing on our laws and moral reasoning when it comes to making our laws; as long as our rights do not infringe on our fellow citizens rights. Most public officials place their hands on the Bible and swear to uphold the Constitution. They dont put their hands on the Constitution and swear to uphold the Bible (Bond J., 2008). I think that religion and scripture are used to keep gay marriage from becoming legal. Our government uses religion when they think it is necessary for their advantage. That is wrong. The Bible was written long ago, there are so many contradictions in it and I believe that it was meant for the time it was written in and for a specific people. In our society today there are several injustices that are more important that our law makers should be concentrating on than opposing gay marriage. Let us move forward. Consequences When and if gay marriage is passed they will receive the same benefits of heterosexual couples. They will enjoy the same contented lifestyle that a two income family has. In todays economic society it most often takes two incomes to keep up with the middle class. The social benefits will be sharing insurance benefits, healthcare, tax filing as a joint couple, joint ownership, and ability to make medical decisions for each other. Social Security, property inheritance, and family medical leave and military disability benefits are just a few more that heterosexual marriage couples have. The argument about homosexuals not being able to procreate, although partly true, lesbian can certainly procreate by artificial insemination, and that they could harm children by raising them shows no scientific evidence. Gay marriage would increase adoptions; there are many children that are in need of homes by loving parents and extended families. This would be a positive step for children that do not have a home. One of the most successful approvals for gay marriage is that they will no longer be second class citizens by being on the lower part of the social standing. The homosexual community should no longer have to be denied their equal civil rights. We are all created equal and that includes everyone, it is not based on our sexual preference. If gay marriage is legalized they will no longer be subjected to narrow-mindedness every day. Bidstrup, S. 2009, Gay Marriage, The Arguments and the Motives, Retrieved March 1, 2010. http//www.bidstrup.com/marriage.htm Bond, Julian. Opposing Same-Sex Marriage Discriminates Against Gays. Opposing Viewpoints: Discrimination. Ed. Jacqueline Langwith. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Baker College. 28 Feb. 2010 Burns, K. 2005 Congregation for The Doctrine of The Faith. Gay Marriage Should Not Be Legal. At Issue: Gay Marriage.. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Baker College. 28 Feb. 2010 Kurtz, Stanley. Gay Marriage Threatens Families. At Issue: Gay and Lesbian Families. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Baker College. 28 Feb. 2010 Rauch, J., Society Has a Compelling Interest in Allowing Gay Marriage, Current Controversies: Gay Rights, San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1997, Retrieved March 2, 2010, Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale, Baker College

Free Essays on A Dolls House: Breaking Away :: A Dolls House Essays

Breaking Away in A Doll's House The central theme of A Doll's House is secession from society. It is demonstrated by several of its characters breaking away from the social standards of their time and acting on their own terms. No one character demonstrates this better than Nora. During the time in which the play took place society frowned upon women asserting themselves. Women were supposed to play a role in which they supported their husbands, took care of their children, and made sure everything was perfect around the house. Work, politics, and decisions were left to the males. Nora's first secession from society was when she broke the law and decided to borrow money to pay for her husbands treatment. By doing this, she not only broke the law but she stepped away from the role society had placed on her of being totally dependent on her husband. She proved herself not to be helpless like Torvald implied: "you poor helpless little creature!" Nora's second secession from society was shown by her decision to leave Torvald and her children. Society demanded that she take a place under her husband. This is shown in the way Torvald spoke down to her saying things like: "worries that you couldn't possibly help me with," and "Nora, Nora, just like a woman." She is almost considered to be property of his: "Mayn't I look at my dearest treasure? At all the beauty that belongs to no one but me -that's all my very own?" By walking out she takes a position equal to her husband and brakes society's expectations. Nora also brakes society's expectations of staying in a marriage since divorce was frowned upon during that era. Her decision was a secession from all expectations put on a woman and a wife by society. Nora secessions are very deliberate and thought out. She knows what society expects of her and continues to do what she feels is right despite them. Her secessions are used by Ibsen to show faults of society. In the first secession Ibsen illustrates that despite Nora doing the right thing it is deemed wrong and not allowed by society because she is a woman. While the forgery can be considered wrong, Ibsen is critical of the fact that Nora is forced to forge. Ibsen is also critical of society's expectations of a marriage. He illustrates this by showing how Nora is forced to play a role than be herself and the eventual deterioration of the marriage.

Frankensteins Innocence Essay -- essays research papers

The Defense of Frankenstein’s Creature   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Victor Frankenstein, a character in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, decided that he wanted to bring life into this world; a life that would eventually go on to killing the creator himself. The Creature can be seen as either innocent or guilty. The popular opinion of the Creature seems to be that he is guilty considering how he has burned down a house, set up Justine for murder and murdered three others. However, after taking a close look at the text, it can be seen that Frankenstein’s creature is not guilty. He was brought into this world with a child-like innocence, never progressed past the emotional state of a child and was rejected throughout his whole life causing him to do the things he did.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although the Creature later went on to commit crimes, he was not instinctively bad. Victor’s Creature was brought into this world with a child-like innocence. He was abandoned at birth and left to learn about life on his own. After first seeing his creation, Victor â€Å"escaped and rushed downstairs.† (Frankenstein, 59) A Creator has the duty to teach his Creature about life, as well as to love and nurture him. However, Victor did not do any of these; he did not take responsibility for his creature. One of the first things that the creature speaks of is that he was a â€Å"poor, helpless, miserable wretch; I knew, and could distinguish, nothing; but feeling pain invade me on all sides, (he) sat ...

The Elevator Response to Lit

Response to Literature: â€Å"The Elevator† Par ·a ·noi ·a- noun. A mental disorder characterized by systematized delusions and the projection of personal conflicts. In the short story â€Å"The Elevator,† William Sleator uses fear and paranoia to drive his main character to a compelling resolution. The main character’s (Martin’s) fear of elevators created an imaginary obese monstrous woman who intimidates him every time he rides the tiny exhausted elevator. In the beginning of â€Å"The Elevator,† the setting is set up at a decrepit building with eighteen floors.The elevator is the root of fear for the weak, thin Martin. Sleator implies this by writing, â€Å"Of course he always felt uncomfortable in elevators, afraid that they would fall, but this one was especially unpleasant. † By stating this, it proves that Martin already had a mild phobia of elevators and the fact of this matter is that this particular elevator appeared to be ver y worn out and only big enough to hold 2 people. When he first encounters a gargantuan woman on the elevator, at first he is disturbed and then mentally disturbed for the rest of the day until he encounters her again after school ends.After every confrontation, Martin’s anxiety grows. In the rising action of this horror story, immediately after Martin spots the plump lady already on the elevator again, he bolts down the stairs. In the process, he snaps his leg while sealing his unfortunate fate. Sleator expressed, â€Å"Martin had broken his leg and needed to walk on crutches. He could not use the stairs now. Was that why the fat lady had smiled? Did she know what would happen? † He broke his leg, which means that he is obligated to use the elevator.Now he will have more confrontations with his worst nightmare. His fear of this woman is what caused him to run away from her in the elevator and break his leg. Finally, in the climax, Martin is abandoned by his father and left alone in the elevator. Before long, the whale-like woman gets on the elevator and corners Martin. The end is sealed with, â€Å"The door closed and the elevator began to move. ‘Hello, Martin,’ she said, and laughed, and pushed the Stop button. † This quote was important because this is the first time we see the fat lady speak and actually do something.Her increased actions have instilled an overbearing fear within Martin and have now made him insane. Have you ever had a bad experience with an elevator? Well, in this case, Martin has and his broken leg proves it. His fear evolved every time he rode the elevator. Martin’s fear was shaped into a living nightmare because his phobia was so immense. It drove him to the point of insanity and that is why the story ends at a cliffhanger. If William Sleator didn’t use fear as the focal point, then story wouldn’t be interesting as a horror-based narrative should be.

Workplace Racial Profiling

One of the fundamental rights any individual has is not to be prejudiced against in the workplace. Regrettably, though, reality does not comply at all times with the law; people maintain to be prejudiced against in many ways. The most important reason for all these problems is the discrimination. This inequity at work will not die out by itself. The eradication of discrimination, particularly racial profiling in the workplace, needs purposeful, focused and unfailing efforts as well as policies by all parties involved over a constant time. In times gone by, a remarkable boost in employment population has been occurring. Ever since the early history people of different culture and race have played a derivative role wherein these individuals were and still are perceived as less than the ideal employee. Diversity is significant in the workplace; it connotes differences, difference of race, age, religion, sex, and culture etc. People having diverse demographic differences working as one in the organization makes diverse workforce. And it is turning out to be more significant for the organizations to recognize these differences and manage it.   Diversity is the frequent issue in the workforce atmosphere, in a number of companies employees frequently get discriminated due to the diverse features. So it is significant to manage the diversity workforce to value most excellent performance. Most significant aspect nowadays is to train the managers to manage the diverse workforce. Employing associations appoint in workplace racial profiling to manage workplace traditions. Firms rationalize monitoring as well as regulating employee look through claiming that they have to present to their clients a professional-looking personnel or one that attracts customer preferences. Recognizing the ideal workers as well as preserving a standardized business culture has turned out to be increasingly difficult in the aggressive, culturally-diverse market (Edley 2003, p172). Businesses face challenging demands of inevitability and modernism, which necessitates them to optimize effectiveness of construction and delivery procedures while concurrently expanding new services and products. Racial profiling is classified to members of ethnic or racial minority groups who are beleaguered as probable suspects for precedent or potential crimes. Those who employ in workplace racial profiling validate their practices with a fixed purpose to defend people from the expenses of deviance; the consequences of being wrongly accused of an offence are more unconcealed and discriminating than the costs of having one's managerial obligation called into difficulty or exhibit choices restrained. As the companies of these days are getting more diverse, the necessity of workplace racial profiling is mounting. All nations are having more diverse workforce daily. So it is turning out to be significant for the companies manage the diversity to acquire better results out of employees. Organizations should recognize that competing productively in the new global marketplace will require more than the up-to-the-minute technology, most proficient production processes and products. With the aim of ensuring consistency, solidity, and control whilst executing this multifaceted business strategy, a lot of firms strengthen their efforts to draw and keep persons who obey the rules to the business customs and have the quality of an ideal employee. Simultaneously, firms aspire to augment employee diversity to meet the terms of lawful pressures, business forces, and ethical demands to build up workers from a variety of civilizing backgrounds. These challenging desires for inevitability (via traditionalism) and modernization (via diversity) generate tensions in several organizations around recognizing the ideal workers. Many managers answered this diversity issue with the claim that discrimination is wrong, both morally and legally. But nowadays, managers are voicing a following concept too. A more diverse workforce will augment organizational efficiency. It will raise self-esteem, bring greater entrà ©e to new-fangled segments of the market, and improve production. Companies leading the way in diversity management discovered that by means of embracing the elements of cultural and ethnic diversity in their workforce they have improved their capability in understanding and tapping new markets, in and abroad. While the decree forbids prejudice rooted in status identities, courts have repudiated to develop the compass of anti-discrimination decree within the administrative centres to forbid workplace policies that set demands on identity performances. By failing to give lawful protection based on identity performance, courts present employers unencumbered judgment to build up apparently unbiased workplace policies that place an encumber on minority employees and offer means for prevailing groups to target minorities in violation minority employees' rights. All want to eradicate the uneven treatment of people in the workplace. One technique that can be used to hold up equal opportunity would be to initiate legislation to guarantee equivalent pay for equivalent work. The problems associated with this resolution would be enormous. How would citizens gauge the value of a person’s labour to another’s? Who would make a decision to this and how would it be put into practice? People’s attitudes toward their co-workers in the workplace are gradually starting to transform. More opportunities emerge for employees nowadays than ever before. The imbalanced treatment will take years to change in the workplace, but change is actually taking place. This subject will remain until people treat each other equally, based on their skills. Time and again, regrettably, reality does not constantly act in accordance with the law – as people have perceived, people maintain to discriminate other people against in diverse ways: they have less access to the labour market, they earn fewer than the said ‘ideal workers’ and they constantly bump heads against the â€Å"glass ceiling† in promotion pursuit (Litvin 2006, p75). There are many remedies into the workplace that have tried to deal with workplace racial profiling. Though there are many improvements for profiling in the office, there are several inequalities. Remedies are considered necessary to secure all employees an equal role in the workplace. Gender parity can be attained. This can occur when all change the attitudes of all to each other. When all achieve that then everybody else can achieve gender fairness in the workplace. References: Edley, C. (2003). The New American Dilemma: Racial Profiling in the War on our Freedoms: Civil Liberties in an Age of Terrorism. Richard C. Leone & Greg Anrig Editions. pp170 73 Litvin, D. (2006). Diversity: Making Space for a Better Case.   Handbook of Workplace Diversity. Alison M. Konrad, Pushkala Prasad & Judith K. P

Females Portrayal in Death of a Salesman Essay

In the play, Death of a Salesman, Linda depicts the author’s view of women within this time. Linda was anxious in becoming the finest â€Å"housewife†. Her nature and disposition, even before she enters the play, is one of kindness, love and a deep admiration for her husband Willy, despite his faults. She took on full responsibility for herself and family. At this point in history the typical woman was viewed as a housekeeper and nothing more. In most of Linda’s sense she is viewed in or around the house. She is mainly found in the living room, bedroom, and kitchen throughout the play. Often times her stage directions will be â€Å"carrying a washbin† or always retrieving what other character’s need. Stage directions within just the first few lines indicated that Linda was â€Å"taking off [Willy’s] shoes† for him. Linda was always working hard to keep the men around her happy and living in comfort. During this time this was a trait all women tried to fulfill. Linda’s relationship with Willy is the most obvious evidence of the view of women within this time. Willy is a symbol of the typical man who takes advantage of the women in his life and relies on them for comfort and support while giving them nothing in return. Linda constantly refers to her husband as â€Å"dear† or â€Å"darling† while he shows her no mutual treatment of affection. She will constantly make excuses for Willy to hide his temperament and that shows her infinite patience. This shows that Linda is not willing to go against Willy in any way even if it was to stand up for herself, she will not go against his word. Every step Linda takes, is in order to make Willy feel comfortable, constantly complementing him saying â€Å"Willy, darling, you’re the handsomest man in the world†. It is evident that the affection from a woman was much for present then that from the man. She is also seen constantly worrying for her husband and family, but not for herself. She will go out of her way to make sure Willy has everything he needs before he leaves the house and will remind him of small things saying â€Å"Be careful on the subway stairs† as if he was just a boy. The woman figure is presented as the one that must tend to everyone else’s needs and make sure that everyone else is well prepared. The women are also views, as the one’s that keep the men in their lives back from pursuing a life beyond the home. When Willy longs to go out to Alaska for a life of adventure, Linda begs him to â€Å"stay with her and the children. † Since the women are seen as such subservient wives who are entirely tied to the home, when Willy hopes to leave the comforts of home she attempts to convince him that everything around home can not get any better than what it already is. Not only will she respond this way to only Willy, but also for the sake of Willy she will react quite differently to her sons. She shouts, â€Å"Don’t you care whether Willy lives or dies? †. Even in the midst of trying to convince herself that Willy’s affair was not true, Linda will do anything to protect Willy. She demands her children to have respect just as she does towards Willy, whether it was respect deserved or not. The male figure is viewed as the selfish man who does not take consideration to the ones around them, taking complete advantage of every situation, treating there wives as toys and disrespecting them to the extreme and having affairs. Linda is made to be a wife who at all cost, no matter what the situation, will always stay nothing but loyal to her husband. Miller suggests those women are not only to be submissive to men, but also truly have no identity apart from them. Therefore, in essence the men are seen to have ultimate control over every situation and the women in their lives while the women are intentionally submissive. A woman only has purpose in a man, yet she will â€Å"hold the man back† so he inevitably will resent her basically either way, woman is destined for a life trying to â€Å"work† for her husband’s â€Å"love. Linda was always limited to what she could do, along with what she said. Arthur Miller showed how one-dimensional a women’s life was just to prove she was worthy of a home and family. Linda was never granted the right to stand up for her self, and even if the opportunity was present it would have not been taken, do to disrespecting Willy in his home. During this time this was a trait all women strived to fulfill.

Life and Work of Miss Maria Montessori

Maria Montessori was born in August 31, 1870. She was the first woman in Italy to receive a medical degree. She worked in the fields of psychiatry, anthropology& education. She believed that each child is born with a unique potential to be revealed, rather than as a â€Å"blank slate† waiting to be written upon. Her main contributions to the work of those of us raising and educating children are; †¢Preparing the most natural and life supporting environment for the child †¢Observing the child living freely in this environment Continually adapting the environment in order that the child may fulfill his greatest potential — physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually The Early Years Maria Montessori was always a little ahead of her time. At age thirteen, against the wishes of her father but with the support of her mother, she began to attend a boys' technical school. After seven years of engineering she began premed and, in 1896 became a physician. In her work at the University of Rome psychiatric clinic Montessori developed an interest in the treatment of special needs children and, for several years, she worked, wrote, and spoke on their behalf. Miss Maria as an Educationalist Maria lectures on the importance of educating disabled children at a national medical congress and at a national teacher’s congress in Turin, Italy. She travelled to London and Paris to study the work of earlier pioneers in this field, Jean Itard and Edouard Seguin. In 1898 Maria becomes a member of the National League for the Education of Retarded Children. Maria is appointed co-director with Dr. Giuseppe Montesano of the State Orthophrenic School (for mentally retarded children) in Rome. In 1898 Maria becomes a member of the National League for the Education of Retarded Children. Maria is appointed co-director with Dr. Giuseppe Montesano of the State Orthophrenic School (for mentally retarded children) in Rome . She leaves the Orthophrenic School in 1901 and returns to the University to study psychology and philosophy. The University of Rome appoints Maria as a lecturer in science and medicine, and she chairs the Department of Anthropology House of Children She was given the opportunity to study â€Å"normal† children, taking charge of fifty poor children of the dirty, desolate streets of the San Lorenzo slum on the outskirts of Rome in 1907. The news of the unprecedented success of her work in this Casa dei Bambini â€Å"House of Children† soon spread around the world, people coming from far and wide to see the children for themselves. Dr. Montessori was as astonished as anyone at the realized potential of these children: The Montessori Method Maria’s book, The Montessori Method, is published in Italian Anne George, an American, and goes to Rome to take Maria’s training course. The first American Montessori School opens in Tarrytown, New York; this is the result of great interest in a long article about Montessori that was published in the American magazine, McClure. Maria’s book The Montessori Method is translated into English. in1912. Maria visits the U. S. for the first time due to Sam McClure’s persuasion; there are already over one hundred Montessori schools in operation. Maria gives a lecture at New York’s Carnegie Hall on Dec. . The Montessori American Committee becomes the Montessori Educational Association under the direction of Mabel Bell (Alexander Graham Bell’s wife) as president. Spain’s first Montessori school opens. Success of Montessori’s Method Since her death an interest in Dr. Montessori's methods have continued to spread throughout the world. Her message to those who emulated her was always to turn one's attention to the child, to â€Å"follow the child†. It is because of this basic tenet, and the observation guidelines left by her, that Dr. Montessori's ideas will never become obsolete. The potential of the child is not just mental, but is revealed only when the complete â€Å"Montessori method† is understood and followed. The child's choice, practical work, care of others and the environment, and above all the high levels of concentration is reached when work is respected and not interrupted, reveal a human being that is superior not only academically, but emotionally and spiritually, a child who cares deeply about other people and the world, and who works to discover a unique and individual way to contribute. This is the essence of real â€Å"Montessori† work today.

To the Lighthouse and Brideshead Revisited Essay

To the Lighthouse and Brideshead Revisited - Essay Example The narrator is Charles Ryder who discloses that through his friendship with this family, his concepts of love matured and he went through a gradual conversion that he conveyed to his art. The novel unfavourably compares the values of modern Britain with the aspirations held by Ryder and the Marchmains. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to determine how Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse and Evelyn Waugh’s Brideshead Revisited engage the relationship between time and place, particularly due to its impact on the individual’s sense of identity and belonging. The approaches through which these concerns form an integral part of the narrative itself, will be taken into consideration. Relationship Between Time and Place in Woolf’s ‘To the Lighthouse’ Virginia Woolf employs several motifs and symbols to tell the story, and particularly emphasized the role of ‘time’ in the novel. The story focuses on moments of being, and on the link between the past and the present. The first part of the story is ‘The Window’ which portrays one evening in the summer house of the Ramsays in the Hebrides. The second section of the novel is termed ‘Time Passes’ and encompasses the ten years of war. The third and last section ‘To the Lighthouse’ takes place at the summer house again, appearing as a continuation of the evening of part one, and the night of part two which are actually separated by ten years. In the first chapter, the vision of the particular afternoon in the summer house, â€Å"the events taking place and the moments which leave impressions on the characters will be recalled in the third part† states Luhrig (15), thus refering to the flow of time during the ten years that elapse. Mrs. Ramsay thinks to herself that however long they lived, they would come back to this night with its extraordinarily memorable moon, the wind, the house, and to herself too (Woolf 92) . Time is an important concept in the lives of all the characters in the novel. Mrs Ramsay does not like the want her youngest children James and Cam to grow up, because she believes that they will suffer; and she would rather they remained forever as children. Mr. Ramsay on the other hand, thinks only of the future, and the prospects for his career. His wish is to become a great philosopher, and to be recognized and remembered by others. Lily Briscoe the family friend is also concerned about time; earlier she was worried about her paintings, whether they will be accepted; later in the third part, Briscoe’s ideas are more oriented towards the past and in her reflections of Mrs. Ramsay. She brings her personal vision of being a successful artist into focus, supported by her memories of her close friend, Mrs. Ramsay. This contributes to her feeling of identity and belonging in her friend’s house. During the ten years that form the middle section of the story, the second world war takes place, some members of the Ramsay family pass away, including Mrs. Ramsay. ‘Time Passes’ breaks the structure of the first part where the characters’ views are focused upon. The second part narrates the personal and historical events that take place. According to Luhrig

Alba Madonna - Raphael Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Alba Madonna - Raphael - Essay Example Raphael's Alba Madonna, painted circa 1510 and measuring 37.5 inches in diameter, is one of the most well known examples of biblical themed Renaissance art. One of the work's key compositional features is the artist's selection of a circular framework to surround his depiction of the biblical triad of Mary, the child St John and a baby Jesus. The circle, with its theoretical and symbolic links to notions of eternity is invested with significance in the Judeo-Christian belief system. Conversely, in ancient mythology the circle often represented a serpent from head to tail - tying in with the serpentine satanic figure of Christianity's Garden of Eden. Surrounded by the circle, as the baby Jesus was encased in her womb before birth, Mary is surrounded by a miasma of potent symbolic associations - including those of creation, rebirth and destruction. The foreground scenery of the piece is relatively barren, in contrast to the reproductive success of the virgin mother. In biblical ideolog y, it was a tragedy for a woman to be seen as barren - as traditional gender roles determined reproduction to be a woman's primary function. Conversely, a fertile woman was seen to be blessed by God. The emphasis on a barren landscape heightens the associations of fertility connected to the Madonna, and the barren scene is broken by the appearance of two flowers - symbolising qualities of purity in their whiteness and similarly reflecting the virginal purity of Christ's mother.

QUALITY FROM THE CONSUMER'S PERSPECTIVE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

QUALITY FROM THE CONSUMER'S PERSPECTIVE - Essay Example The research proposal has brought out the definition of terms like ‘quality’, and ‘quality and customer’s perspective’. The variables that influence the perception of quality have been discussed. The concept of boutique hotels has been discussed briefly after which information about the smaller hotels has been brought out. The research method and approach has been discussed at length and the questionnaire formulated based on the information about quality and perception of quality by the customer. Both primary and secondary data would be collected and the research design has been discussed. The service sector and the smaller hotels have been chosen because this could help the hotels to change their marketing strategies and adopt a long-term approach. Achieving quality has become a global issue as more and more organizations attempt to enhance quality of their product or service offerings. To day in any sector, in any region, it is not enough to provide good quality product or service. Quality is not perceived as a strategy and not merely to make profits. The quality has to be measured from customers’ perspective and this requires understanding the requirements, expectations, preferences and experiences of consumers (Stern et al. 2003). Quantitative and qualitative feedback from consumers is a critical component as it helps the managers and decision-makers to assess their strategy and improve performance. The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Awards (1999) advocates strong quality focus within all processes at all levels and it has now been recognized to apply equally to service enterprises including tourism and hospitality, healthcare and education. The hospitality industry has been trying and vying to attract repeat customers and for this they need to have a quality approach to customer needs and expectations. This suggests that customer’s perspective could guide the industry in enhancing the services. Douglas

Tanzanie Experiment Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tanzanie Experiment Paper - Essay Example While some people argue that the curriculum should allow use of Kiswahili in secondary school, the policy makers argue that students should learn English to be able to participate globally. This paper explains how to set up a randomized control trial to obtain a solution for the challenge. 2. How to set up a randomized control trial in Tanzania. Deciding which language to be used for learning would be the most appropriate solution for the learning challenge in Tanzania. The criteria to decide on the most appropriate language would include ensuring that the language used for learning in school increase the students ability to learn and achieve global competitiveness. Tanzania, which is a former protectorate of British, has adopted English. English language is widely used in the globe while Kiswahili is a local language. Moreover, students can utilize books written by diverse authors across the globe without requiring a translation from English into Kiswahili. Selecting English as a le arning language in primary school would enable students to be empowered using English for communication, encourage a positive attitude in learning and familiarize students with basic expressions. There are two possible outcomes of the randomized controlled trial. Use of English as a learning language in primary school may improve the performance of student in secondary school. ... will ensure that the subjects of study will involve two clusters where one will receive early intervention of English language while the other cluster will use Kiswahili to learn in primary school. A follow up on the eligible or recruited subjects will be done to compare the outcomes. Jadad and Enkin (12) mention that randomized controlled trial reduces bias by selecting the subjects randomly. The trial will provide answers on weather introduction of English for learning in primary school would enable students increase their learning abilities in secondary school. The subjects will be randomly selected from different schools to include private and public schools in rural and urban setting. Classes of thirty to sixty students in two hundred and seventy schools will be randomly selected. Students will be introduced to English language for learning, in one hundred and thirty five schools. Teachers in the cluster that will use English for learning will be required to be proficient in Eng lish. The teachers can be trained while others can be employed. Students will be taught all subjects in English and be required to speak in English in their social setting. The measurement of their performance will be obtained regularly at the end of each semester. The results will be compared with that of the cluster that used Kiswahili in their primary school. Oral and written tests will be administered to students in the two clusters after every four months. Follow up will be extended in secondary school where students who learnt using English in primary school will be compared against those who learnt in Kiswahili. All subjects will be taught in English by teachers with competent English skills. The teachers will be required to use English when talking to the students within and

Evaluating an international human resource strategy Essay

Evaluating an international human resource strategy - Essay Example The balanced score card of Tesco indicates areas like customer perspective, motivation and community service which needs to be stressed even more to enhance customer shopping experience. Tesco should look at improving customer experience through proper innovation, reducing carbon emission and improved training and development. Each of the above factors presents an opportunity for Tesco at improving their customer service. The strategy map of Tesco indicates areas where it can improve the communication lines between the factors for effective implementation of strategy. For Tesco to continue to be the leader in UK retail and grocery segment, it needs to invest in the above areas and proper up gradation of all their objectives with change in time. Tesco plc is a general merchandise and multinational grocery retailer based in England, United Kingdom. Presently it is the second largest retailer in the world in terms of profits after Walmart and third largest in the world with respect to revenues after Walmart and Carrefour. The core purpose of Tesco is that they make what matters better together. Tesco has a team of over 5, 30,000 people in 12 markets which are dedicated in bringing the best choice, value and service to their millions of customer each week. Despite being in a highly competitive market they have established strategies which reflect their priorities as the business grows and the needs of the customers change. Tesco uses their balanced scorecard, the Steering Wheel, to manage and measure their business performance. This report will discuss about the balanced scorecard and Strategy map of Tesco. Tesco has clearly defined Vision which helps them to guide their business direction. Their business guides their direction and the decisions they take as an organisation. The company is centred on colleagues and customers

-persuasive speech-donate to my favorite charity Essay

-persuasive speech-donate to my favorite charity - Essay Example Programs established by ASRC here in the Connecticut help autistic children in coping with their condition. It also assists family members, and those close to the children to learn and adapt new ways of dealing with autism and helping the affected child (Kucharczyk et al., 2015). According to ASRC, some of programs include basic education about autism, workshops for families and professionals, direct services, consultation, mini-grants, recognition programs, a range of support groups, social activities, recreation and legislative advocacy. Autism cases are becoming widespread in the contemporary society, and several individuals feel its effects. The first reason for urging you to donate to this worthy undertaking is because we are one community. We unite as one; hence, it essential that we tackle it together. Second, this issue affects us all. Such a drive would build community cohesion and help us get to know and understand each other better. Statistics implies that one in eighty-eight children have this condition. Many families cannot afford to provide their autistic child with the necessary care and attention, but with your input, this will be possible. Third, you should donate to the charity because ASRC seeks not only to sensitize the community about autism, but also provide solid solutions to this condition. We believe that your assistance to this charity will enable it in realizing its target and ultimately impact the community positively. Kas, M., Modi, M., Saxe, M., & Smith, D. (2014). Advancing the discovery of medications for autism spectrum disorder using new technologies to reveal social brain circuitry in rodents. Psychopharmacology, 231(6), 1147–1165. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3464-y Kucharczyk, S., Reutebuch, C. K., Carter, E. W., Hedges, S., El Zein, F., Fan, H., & Gustafson, J. R. (2015). Addressing the needs of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: considerations and complexities for high school

Assignment 2 MJ Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

2 MJ - Assignment Example The scene then fast forwards to the present day where the first born son named Jamal is older and his son is about to get married and the second born son had fled to America to escape the injustices that were happening in his country. The second born son, Bassam goes back to Abuddin with his American family for the wedding. The president dies during the wedding ceremony and Jamal inherits the presidency. The country is ruled through a lot of fear as the ruling family is known to persecute anyone who threatens to oppose their rule. The royal family lives a lavish lifestyle and has servants at their beck and call. However, the time is when most parts of the world were calling out for the end of dictatorial rule and thus the royal family was under a lot of pressure from a rebel group to hold an election. Bassam, being more accepting of the democratic ways, convinces his brother to go through an election. Jamal is definately authoritative and does whatever he wants to satisfy himself. He does not care much about anyone else or what anyone would say. He does things that only benefit him; satisfy his needs, and his hold onto power. His first action shown in the series is him forcing himself on one of his subject’s wife as the husband waits outside and he does not care about the husband’s feelings and neither those of the children of the woman who are waiting outside. His major aim is to satisfy himself regardless of who gets hurt. Jamal justifies his actions by claiming that his wife had left him and that his subjects are there to please him and do as he wishes whenever he wants. He extends his cruelty to innocent people simply because he has the authority and capacity to do as he wishes and no one is bold enough to face him. Jamal had been brought by his father and taught to be ruthless to people who did not agree with him. From his childhood, he had been forced to go everywhere with his father and even