Art as Cultural Heritage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art as Cultural Heritage - Essay Example This reason contributes to the distinction of the various forms of art as illustrated from time to time. The focus of this essay will mainly be centered on Europe. The representations and work exhibited by the respective artist has been of interest to many scholars around the world. The uniqueness and execution of the various artistic representations has been the major motivating factor that influenced the preference towards the art. The Renaissance and Baroque periods are the main interest of this essay due to the outstanding effort put behind the art. In reference to some of the previously exhibited art, it is very evident that some of the representations in the various ages were to some extent exaggerated, or generally they did not capture the intended image perfectly. Some of this ages include the earliest art to the Bronze age, whereby some of the representations brought forward were vague and did not give the intended information to the respective observers. With the trends car ried down to the present age, an analysis of the Renaissance and Baroque periods art seems to be the most appealing art with individuals still lining up to ensure that they acquire some of the produced art. The contrast between the Renaissance and Baroque periods and the other artistic periods mainly lies on the detail and amount of attention given to some of the art produced. The Renaissance and Baroque periods saw the emergence of some of the world renowned artist such as Leonardo Da Vinci who not only gave a mathematical twist to his presentations, but also brought out the details to clearly exhibit the intended message (Pittman p 23). The Renaissance and Baroque periods mainly had its main productions made between the years 1490 to 1530. Some of the arts produced within this period included the Mona Lisa portrait, the photo of the last supper and also presentations by Donatello which are still used to date. Other reasons that clearly give the Renaissance and Baroque periodâ€⠄¢s presentations an edge over the other presentations is the relevance that the presentations have to the common man. A portrait made by Leonardo Da Vinci during the Renaissance and Baroque periods clearly exhibited the extent of scientific exploitation in regards to the human anatomy. In comparison to the other presentations, a clear distinction can be drawn due the lack of detail and significance in regards to the future importance of the art, and relevance to the average thinker who would prefer to draw more detail from the art rather than trivial information. This observation clearly shows the superiority of the Renaissance and Baroque periods, and the major impact it has had to the improvement of the scientific exploitation to date (Pittman p 123). The Renaissance and Baroque periods saw the emergence of unique artist, and it also created a new awareness on issues that were rather dismissed or unknown to most individuals. The period is unique due to the application of science to the art presented that was a new maneuver in the presentation of art (Pittman 257). The period was branded as the rebirth of art, and the major concerns were centered on accuracy and originality in execution. Sandro Botticelli was among the artist that graced this period. In his presentation he gave a brief

Understanding the Novel Housekeeping Essay Example for Free

Understanding the Novel Housekeeping Essay The novel entitled â€Å"Housekeeping† is written by one of the most famous and talented author, Marilynne Robinson. As one of the certified Pulitzer Prize-winning authors, Marilynne Robinson’s 1980 novel called the â€Å"Housekeeping† has been nominated for the category of Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, which later-on she also won for another novel entitled Gilead that paved the way for her Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award for best first novel. As of the present time, this novel continues to receive and gain broad recognitions and honors that commemorate the work and contribution of a great American author in the industry of publishing and American literary writing scene. In the year 2003, the Guardian unlimited, a British online site owned by Guardian Media Group, named the novel â€Å"Housekeeping† as one of their top 100 list of selection of greatest novels of all time. In addition to this, the Time Magazine, one of the giants in the publishing business, included the said novel of Marilynne Robinson â€Å"Housekeeping† in their TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005. This inclusion and recognition shows the sterling quality of the novel and its elements. In a sense, there are various reasons and apparent explanations as to how and why this novel of Marilynne Robinson continues to attract the interest of the readers and still remain as one of the ever significant stories that has been written. One of the better rationales is that â€Å"Housekeeping,† just like any other widely admired novels, is written with a very strong plot that is designed to directly present and depict a significant personality and character through the representation of Ruth, one of the leading characters in the novel. In this regard, this essay would directly draw a clear picture and discussion about the character of Ruth and her identity in the main narrative of the novel. In the novel, Ruth is mainly depicted and stood as a character which has a stong personality that is composed and firm despite the negative events that have happened in their family and between her and Lucille, who is her sister. Ruth is presented in the main narrative of the novel as a brave woman who is filled with hopes and beliefs with their family and their eccentric way of living. Set to live and grow-up with a dysfunctional family, where she and her sister, Lucille, are abandoned by their biological parents with their mother committing a suicide, it is observable that the presentation of Ruth in the novel is a paradigm that the author has used to illustrate specific characteristics of an individual who is brave enough to live and move on with what he or she believes is right. As for the own perception of Ruth, it is observable that staying and living under the eccentric way of life by their family is what makes her complete as a person and as a normal individual on this world. In respect to the representation of Ruth, it is apparent that the main narrative of the novel further strengthens the notion that Ruth, though has been through different pictures and stories of pain and difficulties with her experiences of a dysfunctional family, still has that belief about the primary stance and role of family to her life as a living entity in their community. As seen apparent to the novel’s story, Ruths standpoint is that her family is the primal basis that gives her that distinct identity as a normal entity in this world. Ruth believes that living and adhering to their unconventional family lifestyle, more especially according to the life of her Auntie, Sylvie, renders her the particular details as a living member of their society. Thus, unlike her sister, Lucile, Ruth takes pride in living her life according to the legacy of their family despite of all the difficulties and many questions that she has in mind. Despite of the many differences and misunderstandings that she has against her younger sibling, Lucille, she has remained to be a loving and caring older sister for Lucille. As seen apparent in the narrative of the novel, Ruth’s character is an example of a typical protective and concerned elder sister for Lucille where she has stood before her sister for security. Ruth also expressed her love for her younger sister through their shared collection of quality and happy moments spent together prior to the decision of Lucille to go the opposite way and live a conventional life with another family residing in town. In addition to this, Ruths character is also affectionate and emotional as she grieved with so much pain with the departure of her sister to live a different way of life. Moreover, it can also be said that Ruth, despite the characteristic of being brave and composed in pursuing and sticking with the what she believe is right, is a character filled with different confusions and questions which she tries to find specific answers and enlightenment for. As the main narrator of the novel, who tells mostly the story of her experiences from childhood up to womanhood, Ruth herself has numerous thoughts and issues that she can not even answer by her self. There are things and actions that she is seeing, more especially from the eccentric lifestyle of her Auntie Sylvie and her grandmother from the moment they are forsaken by their own parents. Thus, Ruth’s main personality and character is shaped by many of her own undertakings and events in her life that leads her to be coherent in such a way that she is independent to make any decisions that is based from her own way of thinking. As compared to her sister, Lucille, Ruth is more composed and firm as she refused to embrace the extensive influence of the outside forces such as the predominance of modern civilization and beliefs of many individuals that surrounds them. Ruth is a character in the novel which has played a rather distinct important role. She served as the narrator of the story and her viewpoint says the distinct taste of the novel and it is on her personality from which the story depends on. She has a little sister whom she grew up with and as she became nonetheless taller than the rest, there is the need for her sister Lucille to remove the heels of the shoes in order for her to be able to move more naturally and allow her to stand more normally. In this respect, it is seen that Marilynne Robinson, the author of the novel, has the similar characteristic where she remains taller than the rest but tries to remove the heels that sets her apart from the rest. More so, she tries to remove the false pretentions and high expectations which come from the current notions of fiction from the people. Another characteristic of Ruth in the story is her ability to follow and adopt a particular characteristic that is embodied in the values of her mother. According to one statement of Ruth in the novel, the requests of her mother to wait for her has â€Å"established in me the habit of waiting and expectation which make any present moment most significant for what it does not contain† (Robinson, 214). This particular characteristic of Ruth, as a character in the novel, has shown her to be a child patiently and dreamingly wishes of a parent who has abandoned her. As her mother left them in the care of one another, they have continuously and expectedly tried to contain all the hardships and patiently waited for something which they are unsure would come to them anymore. Works Cited Robinson, Marilynne. Housekeeping: A Novel. New York: St Martins Pr, 2004.

Canterbury Tales - Linking Griselda of The Clerks Tale to the Biblical

Linking Griselda of The Clerk's Tale and the Biblical Sacrifice of Abraham      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Clerk's Tale seems to strike most readers  as a distasteful representation of corrupt sovereignty and emotional sadism; few can find any value in Walter's incessant urge to test his wife's constancy, and the sense that woman is built for suffering is fairly revolting to most modern sensibilities. Nevill Coghill, for instance, described the tale as "too cruel, too incredible a story," and he notes that "even Chaucer could not stand it and had to write his marvelously versified ironic disclaimer" (104-5). It seems, however, even more incredible that a great poet should bother composing a tale for which he himself had little taste; that is, there must be some point, however strange, to the ordeal of Griselda. One of the words Chaucer frequently uses to describe her character is sadness. The word obviously had a very different meaning in fourteenth-century England from what it has today: In Chaucer it does not denote a depressed moral or psychological sta te, but a way of reacting to events which takes them thoroughly seriously without letting them disturb one's internal composure. This kind of sadness can best be understood in terms of the biblical models Griselda follows. She explicitly echoes the Stoic resolve of Job when she declares, "Naked out of my fadreshous, ...I cam, and naked moote I turn again" (871-2) [this quote needs a / to show line breaks and should use spaced periods with square brackets for ellipses]. But the allusions to Job may momentarily throw the reader off the trail of an even stronger biblical model: the story of Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The affinities b... ...ch the "intoxicated security of the flesh" (in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Calvin's phrase), puffed up in its own satisfaction at an unbroken system   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of moral debts and repayments, is negated by the knowledge of an   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   intractable sinfulness, and in which all human activity turns out to have   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   been an anguished cry for forgiveness.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Benson, Larry. Ed. The Riverside Chaucer. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1987.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Clerk's Tale.The Riverside Chaucer.Ed. Larry    Benson. Boston: Houghton   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mifflin Co., 1987. 137-53.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Coghill, Nevill. The Poet Chaucer. London: Oxford University Press, 1967.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kierkegaard, Sà ¸ren. Fear and Trembling.Trans. Walter Lowrie. Princeton:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PrincetonUniversity Press, 1941.

Comparing Two Leadership Theories Essay -- Leadership

There are different leadership theories developed throughout the history. Most popular ones are trait theories, behavioral theories, contingency theories, and leader-member exchange (LMX) theory. The author of the post will briefly discuss two theories, Fiedler contingency theory and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX), and compare and contrast their strengths and weakness. Fiedler’ model is considered the first highly visible theory to present the contingency approach. It stated that effective groups depend on a proper match between a leader’s style of interacting with subordinates and the degree to which the situation gives control and influence to the leader (Fiedler, 1967). Fiedler argued that the leadership style could be indentified by taking a Least Preferred Co-worker (LPC) questionnaire he designed. When evaluating a least enjoyed co-worker, a relationship oriented leader scores high in LPC, while a task oriented leader scores low. Fiedler identified three contingency or situational dimensions: leader-member relations, task structure, and position power. A leader will have more control if he has better leader-member relations, high structured job, and stronger position power. The task-oriented leaders perform best in situations of high and low control, while relationship-oriented leaders perform best in moderate control situations . Feedler views an individual’s leadership style as fixed. To assure leader effectiveness, either situation needs to change to fit the leader or the leader needs to be replaced to fit the situation. But in reality, a leader can not use a homogeneous style to treat all their followers in a similar fashion in their work unit (Robbins & Judge, 2011, p. 382). Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory, on t... ... over 25 years: Applying a multi-level, multi-domain perspective, Leadership Quarterly, 6(2):219-247. Gils, S. v., Quaquebeke, N. v., & Knippenberg, D. v. (2009). The X-Factor: On the Relevance of Implicit Leadership and Followership Theories for Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Agreement European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM). MindTools (n.d.) Fiedler's Contingency Model. Retrieved November 16, 2010 from http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/fiedler.htm Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational behavior (14 ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Mao Zedong (n.d.). in Wikipedia. Retrieved November 16, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao_Zedong Zhou Enlai (n.d.) in Wikipedia. Retrieved November 16, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_Enlai

Evaluation and Management of Patients with Cardio-Pulmonary

Reliability, Validity and the DissertationThe results of a research project should both be reliable and valid. Reliability refers to the consistency of the results of a test in spite of repeated conduct of such test. In saying that a research measurement or method is reliable, it means that the results yielded are consistent even after several repetitions of the test. If not, then it means that the measurements are not reliable and that the integrity of the research findings may be put into question (Beck & Polit, 2003).Validity, on the other hand, is achieved by a research measurement if it measures the variable that it was supposed to measure. In other words, the measurement should be appropriate for the variable being measured. Face validity is established if a measurement looks as if it is measuring the variable it is supposed to measure. Content validity, on the other hand, refers to the sufficiency of the sample in measuring the variable. In achieving content validity, all the important aspects of the variable should be measured, otherwise, there would be important aspects of the variables of the research that will be overlooked (Beck & Polit, 2003). Whether quantitative or qualitative research methods are used for any study, establishing the reliability and validity of the instruments are very important. Reliability allows other people to replicate the study while validity ensures that the features and aspects of the variables being measured are covered completely.This dissertation, in order to be successful, will aim for attaining reliability and validity. In designing the instruments of the dissertation, it will draw upon the literature already written on the subject and look at the measurements used for similar studies conducted before. There will also be pre-testing of the measurement to ensure reliability. As to the validity of the instruments, all the aspect of the variables and the measures will be explored so as to achieve maximum validity.Interv iew with a Researcher  A friend of this author referred him to a University Professor who has had considerable experience in research. Although the field of Professor Rey Johnson is in the Social Sciences, the insights that can be gathered in research tools and methods are still worth considering.According to the Professor, there are a number of ways that prompts a research project. It may be because of a newspaper or a journal article he read; it may be because of a recent event; or a disagreement over the conclusions of fellow researcher. No matter what the source of the research project maybe, as long as there is curiosity and a willingness to pursue and investigate the matter, a research project will be born. After identifying the topic, the main question of the research is formulated and refined. That way, the research has focus and direction.After identifying the research question, the Professor usually summarizes the issues surrounding the issue and looks up related topics in the library and in the Internet. He gets books and journal articles from the library. He then identifies the debates going on in the topic and tries to understand gray areas, as well as the unclear matters in the debate. Consulting books and recent journals helps clarify the issue and presents what has been found out in the last few months or year.Statistics are also helpful in seeking trends in the society, according to the Professor. Since his profession is tied up with the social sciences, statistics such as population growth rate, perceptions of people about certain politicians, and other statistics are helpful for him. This way, he can get a feel of what is going on in the society.Using the library, browsing through books and journal articles have become almost second nature to the professor. If there is one thing that he does not want to lose his years of teaching, it is the love for knowledge and the hunger for it. Although it may be difficult to sustain such passion as th e years go by, the Professor is a certified bibliophile and reads book and articles very quickly. He says that such habit comes out of years of practice. As he continues to complete research project after research project, his facility in handling the research tools he utilizes grows. He also pointed out to the Internet as another tool which greatly enhanced his research. However, there is a danger in using the Internet, he said. It has become very easy for students nowadays to take whatever they find in the Internet, paste those information on their word processors and call them research papers. It is important to be critical of information coming from the internets. What is the source? Who wrote it?For beginning researchers, he only had three advices. The first is for them to read a lot. Most of the topics that interest people nowadays have been explored by philosophers and researchers in the past. Books and journals can greatly enhance the knowledge of a researcher. Secondly, res earchers should develop a curious mind. There are a great deal of issues in the world worthy of a researcher’s eyes and tools. Lastly, they should be critical—they should ask about the source, the measurement and whether the findings of the research are consistent with the methodology and design. As a budding researcher, the advice of the Professor is for this author to spend his time in the library, reading and discovering new takes on old ideas and talking with professional researchers on their way of doing research and the problems they encounter in their fields of work and research.Application to the DissertationAs a result of the interview with the Professor, this researcher will then make extensive use of the library through its books and the research findings published in recent journals. This is to take a look at what have been said in the research question before as well as the debates and gray areas. This way, this research project will be situated adequately and will not simply repeat what has already been found out before. This exposure to previous literature will also give important knowledge to the researcher in ensuring the reliability and validity of the research measurements.The researcher will also become more critical of the sources that he will consult. This is because it is very tempting to get information in the Internet and lift information there without proper citation. In some instances, information from the Internet is not reliable and the source may not be verified. Hence, the temptation for plagiarism will be there. Plagiarism in any instance and in any field of study is never acceptable (De Voss & Rosati, 2002).ConclusionResearch is not always easy. In fact, in order to successfully arrive at the truth or solution of the research problem, the researcher should display rigor, competency, excellence in gathering data and analyzing them, and care in citing ideas borrowed from other authors and researchers. Through these efforts, the body of knowledge of the researcher’s field of specialization will grow. Consequently, the understanding of humans of the particular topic he has chosen to investigate will also grow. ReferenceBeck, C. T. & Polit, D. F. (2003). Nursing Research: Principles and Methods. Wolters Kluwer Health.De Voss, D. & Rosati, A. C. â€Å"It Wasn't Me, Was It?† Plagiarism and the Web. Computers and Composition, 19 (2), 191-203.

The Ku Klux Klan essays

The Ku Klux Klan essays The Ku Klux Klan is a very widely known group that have caused such a commotion since theyre uprising that they will never be forgotten. The Klan has affected the lives of thousands of people throughout history. Even in todays society the Klan is active and holding regular meetings within the parameters set by the law. The Klan has willingly violated people in ways that no one should have to experience. The Ku Klux Klan was formed as a social club by a group of Confederate Army veterans in Pulaski, Tennessee around 1865. (IKA) A General for the Confederate Army, Nathan Bedford Forrest became the Klans first leader. He was titled the Grand Wizard. The group adopted the name Ku Klux Klan from the Greek word kuklos, meaning circle, and the English word clan. (IKA) The Reconstruction Klan philosophized white superiority and white supremacy. In the early stages of the Klan they started out playing jokes on each other and pretending to be ghosts of the late confederate soldiers. The origin of the flag the Klan represented originated from the historic symbol X for St. Andrews cross dating back to early Christian history. The design stood for the lofty principles of personal freedom, states rights and a small constitutional government. The burning of the cross is an old tradition. The cross stands for sacrifice, service, and a sign of the Christian religion. By lighting the cros s on fire the Klan thought it was putting Christ in the light of the world. The history of the burning cross is of Scottish descent. Klan members thought that by burning Calvarys cross they were cleansing and purifying their virtues and burning out their vices from the fire of His word. The Klan started exercising their superiority by terrorizing blacks. The Klan detested the notion of blacks gaining any rights following the Civil War. The period after the Civil War was also kno...

Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction in Evolution

Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction in Evolution The mechanism for evolution is natural selection. Natural selection is the process that decides which adaptations for a given environment are favorable and which are not as desirable. If a trait is the favored adaptation, then individuals that have the genes that code for that characteristic will live long enough to reproduce and pass down those genes to the next generation. In order for natural selection to work on a population, there must be diversity. To get diversity in the individuals, genetics need to be different and different phenotypes must be expressed. This is all dependent upon the type of reproduction the species undergoes. Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction is the creation of offspring from one parent. There is no mating or mixing of genetics in asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction results in a clone of the parent, meaning the offspring have identical DNA as the parent. There is usually no variation from generation to generation in a species population that relies on asexual reproduction. One way for an asexually reproducing species to get some diversity is through mutations at the DNA level. If there is a mistake in mitosis or the copying of the DNA, then that mistake will be passed down to the offspring, thereby possibly changing its traits. Some mutations do not change the phenotype, however, so not all mutations in asexual reproduction result in variations in the offspring.​ Sexual Reproduction Sexual reproduction happens when a female gamete (or sex cell) unites with a male gamete. The offspring is a genetic combination of the mother and the father. Half of the offsprings chromosomes come from its mother and the other half come from its father. This ensures the offspring are genetically different from their parents and even their siblings. Mutations can also happen in sexually reproducing species to further add to the diversity of the offspring. The process of meiosis, which creates the gametes used for sexual reproduction, has built-in ways to increase diversity as well. This includes crossing over, which ensures the resulting gametes are all different genetically. Independent assortment of the chromosomes during meiosis and random fertilization also add to the mixing up of genetics and possibility of more adaptations in offspring. Reproduction and Evolution Generally, it is believed that sexual reproduction is more conducive to driving evolution than asexual reproduction. With much more genetic diversity available for natural selection to work on, evolution can happen over time. When evolution does occur in asexually reproducing populations, it typically happens very quickly after a sudden mutation. There usually is not a long time of accumulating adaptations like there is in sexually reproducing populations. An example of this relatively quick evolution can be seen in drug resistance in bacteria.